Featured post

𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐎𝐒𝐍𝐑

Image
𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐎𝐒𝐍𝐑 ? & 𝐇𝐨𝐰 𝐢𝐭 𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐛𝐞 𝐌𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐝? OSNR Margin (Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio Margin) is a critical parameter in optical communication systems that measures the difference between the actual OSNR and the minimum OSNR required for error free signal detection (typically defined by a bit error rate threshold). It provides insight into how much "headroom" or tolerance a system has before it fails to maintain acceptable performance. 𝐇𝐨𝐰 𝐢𝐭 𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐛𝐞 𝐌𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐝=> OSNR Margin=Actual OSNR−Required OSNR 𝑰𝒎𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆: Indicates the system's robustness against impairments like noise, dispersion, and nonlinear effects. Higher OSNR Margin means the system is more resilient to degradation over time or due to network changes. 𝑭𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒔 𝑨𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑶𝑺𝑵𝑹 𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒊𝒏=> Fiber length and quality: Longer distances or low-quality fibers increase attenuation and amplify noise. Amplifiers: (EDFAs) and Raman amplifi...

LTE Network Fundamentals

 LTE Network Fundamentals: Essential Questions and Answers :-


Q.1 What is possible range of PCI?
->0-503, PSS(0,1,2) and SSS(0-167)
Q.2 What are the Physical Downlink Signals?
->Reference signal and synchronization signals - PSS and SSS
Q.3 Difference between RSRP & RSRQ?
->RSRP – avg power across all received RS symbols in measurement bandwidth
->RSRQ-NxRSRP/RSSI
->N- no of RBs of eutra rssi measurement bandwidth
Q.4 Repetition period of MIB?
->40ms
Q.5 What is modulation scheme used for MIB?
->QPSK
Q.6 Which channel carries user data in DL? (Basic)
->PDSCH
Q.7 How many OFDM symbols are used for PDCCH?
->1, 2, or 3 as indicated by PCFICH
Q.8 Which Physical DL channel carries the Paging channel?
->PDSCH
Q.9 S1 Interface
->Enode B - MME - S1C and Enode B - SGW - S1U
Q.10 Function of PHICH
->HARQ indication
Q.11 Modulation scheme in PHICH?
->BPSK
Q.12 What All BW supported in LTE?
->1.4MHz, 3MHz, 5MHz, 10MHz, 15MHz, 20MHz
Q.13 What is X2?
->Inter eNB link for HO
Q.14 Modulation in LTE?
->BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
Q.15 Define RB
-> 12 subcarriers * 14 Symbols makes one RB
Q.16 What is Resource Element?
->Smallest entity, 1 symbol (1 subcarrier x 1 symbol period)
Q.17 What is TTI, Subframe?
->1ms, 14 Symbols
Q.18 Frame Length?
->10ms
Q.19 User plane Latency target in LTE?
->10ms
Q.20 What is Subcarrier BW?
->15KHz
Q.21 What Type of HO Supported in LTE?
->Hard Handover
Q.22 What are A3 & A5 events?
->Better Cell Handover and Threshold based - Coverage based
Q.23 What is MIMO?
->Spatial Multiplexing technique - Enhance Data Rates
Q.24 Types of MIMO?
->Singletx, Tx Diversity, Spatial Multiplexing
Q.25 Difference between TDD and FDD?
->Frame Uses (FDD different Carrier for UL and DL, in TDD same Carrier for UL/DL and Frame is shared)
Q.26 How Does UE decode PCI?
-> From PSS and SSS
Q.27 What is CQI?
-> Channel Quality Index - Range 1-15, Used as input for LA - Link Adaptation
Q.28 What Is PMI?
-> Precoding Matrix Indicator, UE reports in case of close loop MIMO. Provides feedback as PMI - Indicating the correlation of the 2 signals received in 2 receivers of UE.
Q.29 What is RI?
-> Rank Indication (1 Code Word, 2 Code Word)
Q.30 How Does RI Affect Throughput?
-> 1 Code Word: Tx Diversity, 2 Code Word: Spatial Multiplexing, throughput doubled in case of 2 Codewords
Q.31 How Does MIMO Affect Throughput?
-> Multiple Input Multiple Output, simultaneous different data from different antenna doubles the data rate
Q.32 Who reports PMI?
-> UE Reports PMI as feedback.
Q.33 What is MCS?
->Modulation Coding Scheme
Q.34 What is the difference between Tx Diversity and Spatial Multiplexing?
->Tx Diversity: Same data over Multiple Antennas, Spatial Multiplexing: Different Data over different Antennas
Q.35 What is Tracking Area Code?
->Similar to Location area or Routing Area
Q.36 What is TAI?
->MCC, MNC, TAC
Q.37 What is TAI List?
->List of Tracking areas where UE is registered

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

MODULE NAME