TELECOM SOFTWARE

  Free Space Optics: Current Applications and Future Challenges ATMOSPHERIC EFFECTS ON FSO LINK  The actual transmission rates are weather dependent as the atmospheric attenuation is variable and hard to predict. The link may not work well in locations where the atmosphere is affected by conditions such as fog, storm, scintillation etc. FSO and Fog: Fog substantially attenuates visible radiation and it has a similar effect on the near infrared wavelengths that are employed in the FSO system (1550nm). Note that the effect of fog on the free space optical wireless radiation is entirely analogous to the attenuation and fades suffered by the RF wireless system due to rain fall. Similar to the case of rain attenuation with RF wireless fog attenuation is not a ‘showstopper’ for FSO (signals block out on the television during heavy rain) because the optical link can be engineered such that for a large fraction of time an acceptable power is received even in presence of heavy fog. FSO...

  Free-Space Optical Communications for Fronthaul/Backhaul Networks of 5G and Beyond Abstract Free-space optical communication (FSOC) provides high-capacity wireless connections, without exhausting scarce RF resources, between airborne platforms constituting aerial fronthaul/backhaul network for 5G and beyond. However, accurate pointing, acquisition, and tracking (PAT) of narrow-divergence optical beams between the transmitter and receiver has long been a major technical challenge of FSOC systems. We introduce an adaptive beam control technique to facilitate the PAT and improve the link availability. 1. Introduction Airborne platforms are auto-controlled or remotely-operated aerial vehicles operating in high altitudes, such as aerostats, balloons, and drones. The utilization of airborne platforms as a new infrastructure for 5G-and-beyond wireless communication networks has been the subject of considerable interest internationally in recent years [1]-[5]. There are two main reasons ...

  Free Space Optics What is Free Space Optics ? FSO stands for Free-Space Optics. It's a technology that uses laser beams to transmit data through the air. A wireless internet connection, but instead of radio waves, it uses light. Today we will read for Multi-Beam FSO Systems :- Multi-Beam Free Space Optics (FSO) is a wireless optical communication technology that employs multiple light beams to transmit data over free space. This approach enhances the system's resilience to atmospheric disturbances like fog, rain, and turbulence, which are common challenges in traditional FSO systems. Types of Multi-Beam FSO Systems While there's no strict classification, Multi-Beam FSO systems can be broadly categorized based on the arrangement of beams and modulation techniques: 1)Spatial Diversity Systems: Multiple beams are transmitted simultaneously using different spatial paths. This helps mitigate the impact of atmospheric turbulence. 2)Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) Systems...

  Mobile phone supports only 4G, will it support 5G NR?   Q:-If my phone supports a frequency band that is common to both LTE and 5G NR, but the phone is designed for LTE only, will it also support 5G? A:-No, Even if an LTE-only phone supports a frequency band that is common with 5G NR, it lacks the necessary 5G modem, firmware, and hardware enhancements required to support 5G NR technology. Therefore, it cannot operate on 5G networks. Q: What security features are unique to 5G networks compared to LTE networks, and how do they affect smartphone design? A:-Security features in 5G networks include enhanced encryption algorithms like AES-256, stronger mutual authentication protocols, and improved network slicing capabilities that isolate and protect user data more effectively than LTE. These advancements necessitate smartphones with more powerful processors and secure hardware modules to handle encryption and authentication processes efficiently while ensuring data integrity and...