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𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐎𝐒𝐍𝐑

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𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐎𝐒𝐍𝐑 ? & 𝐇𝐨𝐰 𝐢𝐭 𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐛𝐞 𝐌𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐝? OSNR Margin (Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio Margin) is a critical parameter in optical communication systems that measures the difference between the actual OSNR and the minimum OSNR required for error free signal detection (typically defined by a bit error rate threshold). It provides insight into how much "headroom" or tolerance a system has before it fails to maintain acceptable performance. 𝐇𝐨𝐰 𝐢𝐭 𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐛𝐞 𝐌𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐝=> OSNR Margin=Actual OSNR−Required OSNR 𝑰𝒎𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆: Indicates the system's robustness against impairments like noise, dispersion, and nonlinear effects. Higher OSNR Margin means the system is more resilient to degradation over time or due to network changes. 𝑭𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒔 𝑨𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑶𝑺𝑵𝑹 𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒊𝒏=> Fiber length and quality: Longer distances or low-quality fibers increase attenuation and amplify noise. Amplifiers: (EDFAs) and Raman amplifi...

ALARM GLOSSARY

 

Glossary
AbisInterface between Base Transceiver Station (BTS) and Base Station Controller (BSC).
Abis ConfigurationConfiguration of traffic channels (OMUSIG, TCH, TRXSIG) on Abis.
Abis ProtectionScheme used to provide redundant Abis Traffic across a separate path to guard against possible link failure.
Automatic ConnectionFeature in 2G Flexi BTS Site Manager, which would allow the user to get connected to the BTS automatically once BTS Manager is launched. The parameters required for connection viz. the BTS IP Address, the port of connection and the Q1 address will be taken from the locally stored defaults. 'Automatic Connection' would be an optional feature that the user may enable or disable anytime.
BBUBattery Backup Unit. The Battery Backup Unit gives a power supply in case of a temporary mains power supply breakdown.
BCFBase Control Function
Base Control function is a functional entity that handles common control functions e.g. main clock functions, external alarm handling, control signals and frequency hopping. There is no physical BCF unit in BTS, the functional BCF operates in the Master TRX memory.
Block/UnBlockThis scenario (block) is typically used to change faulty unit. The command specifies the object to be blocked. When the command is received by the BTS from the BTS Manager then it first checks the availability of the object for which the command was sent. If available the ACK is sent to BTS Manager immediately and if it is not available then NACK is sent to BTS Manager.
Unblock command message structure is similar to Block command message structure but with a parameter data specified as UNBLOCK. Unblock command unblocks the object that was previously blocked from BTS Manager. BTS sends ACK to BTS Manager to confirm the unblock operation when this command is sent from BTS Manager to BTS.
BTSBase Transceiver Station
CommissioningCommissioning is set of tasks performed to enable the BTS to be connected to the network. It includes operational tests and configuring of transmission equipment.
Commissioning WizardA comprehensive utility, which provides set of GUI screens to aid user to fill in parameters required for commissioning a BTS.
CRCCyclic Redundancy Check, which is used to detect errors in data received over a transmission media.
Cross- ConnectionA path between the two termination points inside any network element.
DDUDual Duplexer Module (ERxA). Dual Duplexer Module (ERxA). The Dual Duplexer Module and the Dual TRX Module (EXxA) create one Sector Module. At least one Dual Duplexer Module is needed per sector, depending on the configuration (concerns non-RTC configurations). The Dual Duplexer Module is always attached to the Dual TRX Module, which provides the Dual Duplexer Module with power and O&M link. Extension Dual TRX Modules are installed without the Dual Duplexer Module.
DFCADynamic Frequency and Channel Allocation.
DTRXDual TRX Module / Dual Transceiver Module.
EasyWizard modeThe mode of commissioning as like in EasyWizard where user selects a file and specifies only those parameters which were user specified in EasyWizard that is Site Specific information, Antenna Settings and Passive Units (BBU and other passive units).
Egress directionTraffic direction out of a network element. The traffic direction is to be determined with respect to one link termination point. If the termination point is connected, the egress direction for one termination point is the ingress direction for the other termination point and vice versa.
EIF1, EIF2 and EIF3New names for the external Ethernet ports: EIF1 = FE1, EIF2 = FE2 and EIF3 = SFP
Export Abis AllocationSave Abis Allocation in a local File.
External Ethernet portEthernet port of the integrated switch which allows to connect external equipment to the BTS like further switches or other endnodes. On the PWE unit these are the interfaces EIF1 (FE1), EIF2 (FE2), and EIF3 (SFP). EIF1 (FE1) and EIF2 (FE2) allow fast Ethernet 100BASE-T and EIF3 (SFP) port allows inserting SFP modules for optical gigabit Ethernet 1000BASE-SX and 1000BASE-LX.
FEFast Ethernet. IEEE standard for high speed l00Mbps Ethernet
FIFAA plug in-unit with built in FIU 19E RRI and E1. Supports 16 asymmetric E1 interfaces.
FIEAA plug-in-unit that supports 8 E1 Asymmetric (75 ohm) interfaces
FIPAA plug-in-unit that supports 8 E1/T1 Symmetric (120 ohm for E1, 100 ohm for T1) interfaces
FIQAField replaceable transmission sub-module (plug-in unit) of Flexi EDGE BTS, with 3 Ethernet and 4 symmetrical RJ48 E1T1 interfaces. Ethernet interfaces are used for PseudoWire Emulation or from EP3 on also for bypassing other Ethernet traffic.
FIQBField replaceable transmission sub-module (plug-in unit) of Flexi EDGE BTS, with 3 Ethernet and 4 symmetrical RJ48 E1T1 interfaces. Ethernet interfaces are used for PseudoWire Emulation or for bypassing other Ethernet traffic. This Flexi transmission interface supports Packet Abis over IP with SyncE and ToP.
FIYAField replaceable transmission sub-module (plug-in unit) of Flexi EDGE, with 3 Ethernet and 4 asymmetrical (coaxial) E1 interfaces. Ethernet interfaces are used for PseudoWire Emulation or in from EP3 on also for bypassing other Ethernet traffic.
FIYBField replaceable transmission sub-module (plug-in unit) of Flexi EDGE, with 3 Ethernet and 4 asymmetrical (coaxial) E1 interfaces. Ethernet interfaces are used for PseudoWire Emulation or for bypassing other Ethernet traffic. This Flexi transmission interface supports Packet Abis over IP with SyncE and ToP.
GEGigabit Ethernet. IEEE standard for high speed l000Mbps Ethernet
GUIGraphical User Interface
Hardware ViewGraphical View displaying the status and state of hardware modules/units physically present within a 2G Flexi BTS Site Manager.
HelpBrowser Software, which displays Online Helps to the user. Examples of Help browsers: NED, JavaHelp, WebHelp, DynaText, and WinHelp.
HTMLHypertext Markup Language, subset of standard generalised markup language (SGML) used on the web
Ingress directionTraffic direction into a network element. The traffic direction is to determined with respect to one link termination point. If the termination point is connected, the egress direction for one termination point is the ingress direction for the other termination point and vice versa.
Internal Ethernet portEthernet port of the integrated switch which has no externally accessible Ethernet interface. On the PWE unit the internal Ethernet port is connected to the PWE terminating device.
Import Abis AllocationOpen locally saved Abis Allocation file.
LAPDLink Access Protocol on D - channel. Used on Abis links (OMUSIG and TRXSIGs) and on the BTS internal D-bus. The LAPD is a layer 2 protocol which is defined in CCITT Q.920/921. LAPD works in the Asynchronous Balanced Mode (ABM). This mode is totally balanced (i.e., no master/slave relationship). Each station may initialize, supervise, recover from errors, and send frames at any time.
LMPLocal Management Port. BTS Manager communicate with BTS through an LMP cable.
Local ConnectionBTS Manager connected locally to Flexi EDGE BTS via an Ethernet wire. For establishing this kind of connectivity BTS Manager is co-located at the BTS site.
Local ModeA special BTS state which allows TRX tests to be run without the need for a BSC connection. The BTS will be placed in local mode if the Use Current command is given when the BTS is in "Waiting for LAPD" state
Logical ViewGraphical View displaying Logical Object details for all logical objects present within an Flexi EDGE BTS.
MAC addressFor Ethernet a globally unique 48 bit number assigned to every Ethernet end node or station.
Monitoring DestinationThe Ethernet interface which is used for receiving this mirrored traffic is called monitoring destination.
Monitoring SourceThe Ethernet interface on which traffic shall be monitored is called Monitoring source.
NENetwork Element.
NetActThis is the Nokia Siemens Networks&rsquos NMS suite which operator use for managing the GSM network.
NOLSNokia Online Services, Web portal for e-commerce, technical support, documentation, etc.
Node LevelThe whole transmission unit
Offline ModeWhen BTS Manager is not connected to BTS.
Online ModeWhen BTS Manager is connected to BTS (locally or remotely).
O&M LinkRefers to Abis O&M Link
PAoPSNPacket Abis over IP
PAoTDMPacket Abis over TDM
Pilot BitA Bit used for choosing between the Protected and Protecting path of a Signal in case Protection feature is configured.
PILSProduct Information and Learning Solutions
PIUPlug-in Unit
PseudowireA mechanism that carries the essential elements of an emulated circuit from one PE to another PE over a PSN.
PWEPseudowire Emulation defined e.g. in the PWE3 standardization group. For Flexi EDGE also used as generic term for the transmission sub-modules FIQx and FIYx.
Q1Protection Scheme used to provide redundant Q1 Traffic across a separate path to guard against possible link failure.
Remote ConnectionBTS Manager connected remotely to Flexi EDGE BTS via NetAct and BSC. For establishing this kind of connectivity BTS Manager connects to NetAct server over LAN and via BSC communicates to Flexi EDGE BTS.
RTCRemote Tune Combiner (ECxx) Module
SCFSite Configuration File, XML based file used to exchange commission/configuration information between BTS Manager & BTS.
SCF UploadSending the SCF from BTS to BTS Manager.
SobriquetThis is the connection name present in the GCS database.
STIRCSpace-Time Interference Rejection Combining - interference rejection combining that uses space-time processing to handle co-channel interference from transmitters that support transmit diversity.
SW CompatibilityThe compatibility between 2G Flexi BTS Site Manager and Flexi Multiradio BTS is driven by the SW version in the BTS Manager-BTS interface. The SW version is embedded in the both the 2G Flexi BTS Site Manager as well as the O&M software inside BTS. These values of the SW version are compared during the initial handshake.
Synchronization ProtectionScheme used to provide redundant Abis Clock across a separate path to guard against possible link failure.
ToolTipA 'bubble Help' coded in software, or alternatively written as Help and opened as a pop-up window of the Help browser
Transmission Configuration FileThis file contains all Transmission related parameters. (Transmission PIU properties, Abis allocation, LIF, Service Interface, Interface Loop, Synchronization)
Transmission ManagerTransmission Manager manages E1 or E1/T1 transmission interfaces. Transmission cards are used to connect BTS with BSC and to other BTS.
Transmission Plug-in UnitTransmission Plug-in Unit. Following PIUs are available: FIFA, FIEA, FIPA, FIQA, FIYA, FIQB and FIYB
Undo CommissioningTo uncommission the BTS wherein all commissioning related parameters are erased from flash of BTS. It is followed by a reset. Undo commissioning is of two types Keep traffic bypass and erase traffic bypass.
VLANVirtual Local Area Network.
VSWRVoltage Standing Wave Ratio

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