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𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐎𝐒𝐍𝐑

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𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐎𝐒𝐍𝐑 ? & 𝐇𝐨𝐰 𝐢𝐭 𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐛𝐞 𝐌𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐝? OSNR Margin (Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio Margin) is a critical parameter in optical communication systems that measures the difference between the actual OSNR and the minimum OSNR required for error free signal detection (typically defined by a bit error rate threshold). It provides insight into how much "headroom" or tolerance a system has before it fails to maintain acceptable performance. 𝐇𝐨𝐰 𝐢𝐭 𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐛𝐞 𝐌𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐝=> OSNR Margin=Actual OSNR−Required OSNR 𝑰𝒎𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆: Indicates the system's robustness against impairments like noise, dispersion, and nonlinear effects. Higher OSNR Margin means the system is more resilient to degradation over time or due to network changes. 𝑭𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒔 𝑨𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑶𝑺𝑵𝑹 𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒊𝒏=> Fiber length and quality: Longer distances or low-quality fibers increase attenuation and amplify noise. Amplifiers: (EDFAs) and Raman amplifi...
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𝐌𝐢𝐜𝐫𝐨𝐰𝐚𝐯𝐞 𝐓𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐋𝐢𝐧𝐤 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐟𝐢𝐠𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

 𝐌𝐢𝐜𝐫𝐨𝐰𝐚𝐯𝐞 𝐓𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐋𝐢𝐧𝐤 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐟𝐢𝐠𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧




- 1+0 is link without protection

- 1+1 is protected link ( main & standby )

- FD is a type of diversity protection where we use 2 frequencies to send the same signal stream

- SD is another type of diversity to use 2 dish antenna to receive the same signal stream

- Diversity used to avoid fading issues

- XPIC used to double the link capacity

- Xpic ia to send 2 traffic streams over the same frequency channel , same antenna at the same time with different polarization

- Xpic means orthognal polarization ( vertical & horizontal )

- HSB is one of the protection mechanisms for hardware where we send only over main link and if failed , we switch to the standby

- 2+0 can be xpic or Lag based on the link configuration

- MIMO 4*4 is to use double dual polarized antenna to send 4 service streams over same frequency channel simultaneously

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